Tugas Pengertian direct dan indirect

Pengertian direct dan indirect

Direct

In the sentence immediately, we repeated the utterance the speaker (speakers) exactly the same. Direct sentences are typically used in conversation in the book, drama, or in parentheses.

Indirect

Direct to indirect changes in the statement marked with 'that'.
Direct sentences that reporting his sentence has the form of present tense verbs (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect or future tense) then no change tenses in the reported sentence in the form of (indirect). This usually occurs if:
1. Reported an ongoing conversation
2. Reading the letter and report on what the letter
3. Reading the command and immediately report it in time
4. Reported statements that often appear

Contoh kalimat

Direct

1. He said to me, “Are you going away today?”

2. He asked me , “can you come along?”

3.  She says to her friend, ” I have been writing “.

4. She has told you, ” I am reading “.

5.  She will say, ” You have done wrongly “.

Indirect

1. He asked me whether I was going away that day.

2. He asked me if I could come along.

3. She has told you that he is reading.

4. She will tell them that the boy wasn’t lazy.

5. She says to her friend that he has been writing

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS (ACTIVE-PASSIVE)

ACTIVE, PASSIVE SENTENCES

No.	Active	Passive
1.	A scriptwriter develops film scripts	A film script is developed by a scripwriter
2.	He writes the letter carefully	The letter is written carefully
3.	Peter is building a house now	A house is being built by Peter now.
4.	My Mother makes sandwich every morning	Sandwich is made by my mother every morning
5.	A young boy is catching a butterfly	A butter fly is being caught by a young boy
6.	She is reading a book	A book is being read by her
7.	Our casting director chose the actors	The actors were chosen by our casting director
8.	Andy is watching a movie	A movie is being watched by andy
9.	Fachry gave Dira a book	Dira was given a book by fachry
10.	Riri Riza made Sonata Kampung Bata	Sonata Kampung Bata was made by Riri Riza

 story with passive and active senteces

Busy in The Summer

Last summer our house was painted by me. The job took about two weeks. First, the exterior was washed using warm water and a mild detergent. Then all the chinks and pores in the walls were sealed with putty. After the putty had had a chance to dry, the exterior could be painted. A latex paint was used because it is easy to apply and cleans up with water. A whole week was needed to finish this part of the job. I was very careful to apply the paint evenly because I did not want to have to apply two coats. A color was used that was very close to the original color. Our house is a two-story house, which meant that a tall ladder was needed to do the second story. The paint can had to be balanced on the top rung of the ladder while I worked. When the job was finished, a great deal of satisfaction was felt by me. I had to pat myself on the back. Even my dad said that a good job was done.

KALIMAT PASIF (PASSIVE VOICE)

Bahasa Inggris memiliki dua bentuk kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pikiran. Kedua bentuk kalimat tersebut adalah kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif.

Dalam kalimat aktif subject melakukan pekerjaan, atau melakukan suatu perbuatan. Dengan ciri khas bahwa kata kerja yang digunakan berawalan “me-“. Sedangkan di dalam kalimat pasif , subject dalam kalimat tersebut tidak melakukan pekerjaan/perbuatan, melainkan dikenai pekerjaan/perbuatan. Dengan ciri khas bahwa kata kerja yang digunakan dalam kalimat tersebut berawalan “di-“.

Kata kerja yang digunakan dalam kalimat pasif bahasa Inggris adalah:

be + Verb 3 (Past Participle)

"Be” itu sendiri dibuat sesuai dengan tense yang digunakan dalam kalimat itu dan disuikan dengan subject kalimat tersebut.

Kalimat aktif diubah menjadi kalimat pasif dengan menjadikan “object” kalimat aktif itu sebagai “Subject” kalimat pasif tersebut. Berdasarkan hal itu jelaslah bahwa hanya kalimat yang memiliki “object” yang dapat diubah menjadi pasif.

Contoh:
Yanto  slapped  the boy on his face.
    S        P           O
Kalimat tersebut dapat diubah menjadi:
The boy  was slapped on his face.
       S            P

Object pelaku kalimat pasif yang dalam bahasa inggris dinyatakan dengan kata “by …” jarang diucapkan, karena kalimat pasif cenderung untuk hanya mengemukakan aktifitas . object pelaku diucapkan/ditilis hanya bila memang diperlukan, sebagai kelengkapan arti kalimat pasif bersangkutan.

Contoh :
The queen invited us to dinner.
Kalimat ini akan menjadi:
We were invited to dinner by the queen.

Bila pada sebuah kalimat aktif terdapat dua object , maka subject kalimat pasifnya dapat dipilih dari kedua object tersebut. Namun biasanya dalam bahasa inggris object manusia yang digunakan/dipilih sebagai subject kalimat pasif.

Contoh:
Aktif : I shall give her a new pen.
Pasif : 1. She will be given a new pen.
          2. A new pen will be given.
Yang nomor 1 sering digunakan karena mengandung unsur manusia.

POLA KALIMAT PASIF

1. Simple Present Tense

Aktif	S + V1 + O
Pasif	S + is/am/are + V3 + ….

2. Simple Past Tense

Aktif	S + V2 + O
Pasif	S + was/were + V3 + ….

3. Present Continuous Tense

Aktif	S + is/am/are + V-ing + O
Pasif	S + is/am/are + being + V3 + …

4. Past Continuous Tense

Aktif	S + was/were + V-ing + O
Pasif	S + was/were + being + V3 + …

5. Present Perfect Tense

Aktif	S + has/have + V3 + O
Pasif	S + has/have + been + V3 + …

6. Past Perfect Tense

Aktif	S + had + V3 + O
Pasif	S + had + been + V3 + …

7. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif	S + has/have + been + V-ing + O
Pasif	S + has/have + been + being + V3 + …

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Aktif	S + had + been + V-ing + O
Pasif	S + had + been + being + V3 + …

9. Simple Future Tense

Aktif	S + will/shall +V1 + O
Pasif	S + will/shall + be + V3 + …

10. Past Future Tense

Aktif	S + would/should +V1 + O
Pasif	S + would/should + be + V3 + …

11. Future Perfect Tense

Aktif	S + will/shall + have + V3 + O
Pasif	S + will/shall + have + been + V3 + …

12. Tense dengan modal auxaliry verbs: will, shall, can, must, may, must, etc.

Aktif	S + modal past + V1 + O
Pasif	S + modal past + be + V3 + …

TEORI ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

Klausa adverbial adalah klausa yang diperkenalkan oleh seorang bawahan. Hal ini digunakan untuk memodifikasi kata kerja, kata sifat, kata keterangan. Karena klausa adverbial adalah klausa tergantung, tidak dapat berdiri sendiri. Ia harus digabungkan dengan klausa independen untuk membentuk kalimat kompleks. Klausa adverbial bisa datang baik sebelum atau setelah klausa independen. Datang pada awal kalimat, koma ditempatkan setelah itu.

1. Waktu Klausul

Ini memberitahu ketika tindakan yang dijelaskan oleh kata kerja utama berlangsung. Sebuah klausa waktu diperkenalkan oleh subordinator seperti:

a. Ketika (pada saat itu)

· Saya bisa melihat Anda ketika saya menyelesaikan pekerjaan saya.

b. sementara (selama waktu itu)

· Dia sedang membaca buku sambil makan malam sedang memasak.

c. Sebelum

· Mereka akan pergi sebelum Anda sampai di sini

d. Setelah

· Setelah majikan Yohanes memperingatkan dia tentang pekerjaannya ceroboh, ia lebih berhati-hati.

e. Oleh waktu (satu aktivitas selesai sebelum acara lain)

· Pada saat dosen menjelaskan tentang teori Freud, para mahasiswa sudah membaca sedikit tentang hal itu di rumah mereka sendiri.

f. Karena (dari waktu sekarang)

· Aku tidak melihatnya sejak meninggalkan pagi ini.

2. Tempat Klausul

Ini memberitahu mana tindakan yang digambarkan oleh kata kerja utama berlangsung. Hal ini diperkenalkan oleh subordinator.

a. Di mana (tempat yang tertentu)

· Kita hidup di mana jalan melintasi sungai

b. Dimanapun (tempat ada)

· Orang gila biasanya pergi kemanapun dia ingin pergi.

c. Mana-mana (tempat ada)

· Di mana-mana aku bertemu dia, aku selalu ingin marah

d. Mana saja (tempat ada)

· Saya akan menemukan Anda di manapun Anda berada.